Articles | Volume 14, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-14-133-2025
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-14-133-2025
Regular research article
 | 
07 Jul 2025
Regular research article |  | 07 Jul 2025

Water transfer printing for integrating substrate-free temperature sensors onto curvilinear surfaces

Rafika Selmi, Jean Charles Fustec, France Le Bihan, and Maxime Harnois

Cited articles

Carlson, A., Bowen, A. M., Huang, Y., Nuzzo, R. G., and Rogers, J. A.: Transfer Printing Techniques for Materials Assembly and Micro/Nanodevice Fabrication, Adv. Mater., 24, 5284–5318, https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201201386, 2012. 
Han, S., Peng, H., Sun, Q., Venkatesh, S., Chung, K., Lau, S. C., Zhou, Y., and Roy, V. A. L.: An Overview of the Development of Flexible Sensors, Adv. Mater., 29, 1700375, https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201700375, 2017. 
Harnois, M., Garcia-Castro, F., Herry, G., De Sagazan, O., and Le Bihan, F.: Eco-designed Conformable Inorganic Electronics to Improve the End of Life of Smart Objects: Sensor Processing and Applications, ACS Appl. Electron. Mater., 2, 563–570, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.9b00807, 2020. 
Herry, G., Fustec, J.-C., Le Bihan, F., and Harnois, M.: Substrate-Free Transfer of Silicon- and Metallic-Based Strain Sensors on Textile and in Composite Material for Structural Health Monitoring, ACS Appl. Mater. Interf., 16, 22113–22121, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.4c01055, 2024. 
Kuo, J. T. W., Yu, L., and Meng, E.: Micromachined Thermal Flow Sensors – A Review, Micromachines, 3, 550–573, https://doi.org/10.3390/mi3030550, 2012. 
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Short summary
We present a new method for creating flexible temperature sensors that can be applied to complex shapes. By using a technique called water transfer printing, these sensors can be transferred directly onto surfaces without the need for flexible films . This allows them to be more accurate, more reliable, and more adaptable than traditional sensors.  These sensors can work well in various environments and are unaffected by humidity, making them ideal for use in healthcare, robotics, and wearable devices.
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