Articles | Volume 15, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-15-177-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-15-177-2026
Regular research article
 | 
11 Nov 2026
Regular research article |  | 11 Nov 2026

Multiplex measurement system for the detection of nutrients in hydroponics using ion-selective electrodes

Thomas Klotzbücher, Susanne Sigloch, Juri Magomajew, Knut Welzel, Julian Höth, Rainer Gransee, Vishal G. Warke, Mrunal Saste, Vikas Randhe, Manish Raut, Uday Annapure, and Girish B. Mahajan

Cited articles

Ahmed, A., Alnawasrah, R., Almadani, B., Aliyu, F., and Ghaleb, M.: Contemporary smart hydroponics systems: Taxonomy, enabling technologies, and challenges, Internet of Things, 34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2025.101794, 2025. 
Bhat, K. S., Ahmad, R., Mahmoudi, T., and Hahn, Y.: High performance chemical sensor with field-effect transistors array for selective detection of multiple ions, Chem. Eng. J., 417, 128064, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.128064, 2021. 
Bobacka, J.: Potential stability of all-solid-state ion-selective electrodes using conducting polymers as ion-to-electron transducers, Anal. Chem., 71, 4932–4937, 1999. 
Cho, W. J., Kim, H. J., Jung, D. H., Kim, D. W., Ahn, T. I., and Son, J. E.: On-site ion monitoring system for precision hydroponic nutrient management, Comput. Electron. Agr., 146, 51–58, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2018.01.019, 2018. 
Dimkpa, C., Bindraban, P., McLean, J. E., Gatere, L., Singh, U., and Hellums, D.: Methods for Rapid Testing of Plant and Soil Nutrients, in: Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, edited by: Lichtfouse, E., Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol. 25, Springer, Cham, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58679-3_1, 2017. 
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Short summary
A microfluidic-cartridge-based measurement technology utilizing miniaturized solid-contact liquid-membrane ion-selective electrodes with direct potentiometry for application in hydroponics is presented. The system provides fully automated nutrient analysis and dosing, minimizes sample volume, reduces waste, and is an ideal setup for on-site deployment. Measurements within hydroponic greenhouses show excellent correlation with the expected values for the target ion concentrations.
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