The purpose of our study is to demonstrate the detection of hydrogen in a mixture with natural gas by means of ultrasound measurements. In the coming years, hydrogen will be mixed with natural gas and distributed in the available gas pipeline network; therefore, monitoring the hydrogen content in real time becomes a necessity. We show the implementation of miniature ultrasound transducers (CMUTs) for this purpose by measuring the speed of sound of the mixture.

The necessity to measure harmonic emissions between 2 and 150 kHz is outlined by several standard committees and electrical utilities. This paper presents a measurement system and its traceable characterization designed to acquire and analyze voltages up to 230 V and currents up to 100 A with harmonics up to 150 kHz that may occur in smart grids. The uncertainty estimation is carried out and described in detail for both the fundamental and suprahmarmonics components.

We have analyzed the requirements of a smart heating system and, in particular, the necessary sensors and their integration in a control system. The system comprises temperature and localization sensors as measuring elements and heating foils as actuators. The system components were studied in a demonstrator room, and the entire heterogeneous system has now been deployed in an apartment for further field studies during the heating season of 2016/2017.