We assessed the applicability of bacterial surface layer proteins of Lysinibacillus sphaericus JG-B53 and Sporosarcina ureae ATCC 13881 for the detection of metal ions in water. Based on the interactions of the cell components with metal complexes, two potential sensor systems, one colorimetric with functionalized gold nanoparticles and the other using a regenerative sensor layer, were developed. The systems' detection limits of YCl₃ in water were 1.67 x 10⁻⁵ and 1 x 10⁻⁴ mol L⁻¹, respectively.

An electrochemical hydrophone based on the principles of molecular electronic transfer (MET) is described. The paper presents theoretical and experimental results for the sensitivity and the level of self-noise determination for METH in the frequency range of 0.02–200 Hz, which determines the fields of acceptance of the devices being developed. An experimental model has been developed by using a force-balancing feedback. Different methods and techniques for its calibration have been developed.

Lorentz force eddy current testing (LET) is a motion-induced eddy current testing method in the framework of nondestructive testing. In this study, we address the question of how this method is classified in comparison with a commercial eddy current testing (ECT) device. Therefore, measurements using both methods are performed and evaluated. Based on the measurement results, the corresponding defect detection limits are determined and discussed.

Fluorescence spectroscopy represents a very sensitive method, but fluorescence sensors are mainly used in academia and rarely in industrial processes. In this work, we present a newly developed functional model of an online fluorescence sensor. The sensor was miniaturised and constructed without any movable parts to detect important biologic fluorophores. Its performance was evaluated by calibration curves and selectivity tests and it was used for a biomass prediction of E. coli cultivations.

Cadmium is one of heavy metals that can cause serious health complications if humans are excessively exposed. This research was conducted to detect the amount of cadmium inside herbal plants using a new sensor modified with graphene and ionic liquid. The amount of cadmium inside herbs A, D, M and C were 0.0035, 0.0237, 0.0267 and 0.0251 milligrams/litre, respectively. The results showed that the herbs were safe to be consumed. The developed sensor was comparable to existing detection methods.

Predictions about systems too complex for physical modeling can be made nowadays with data-based models. Our software DAV³E is an easy way to extract relevant features from cyclic raw data, a process often neglected in other software packages, based on mathematical methods, incomplete physical models, or human intuition. Its graphical user interface further provides methods to fuse data from many sensors, to teach a model the prediction of new data, and to check the model’s performance.

Wireless sensor systems gain more and more importance for modern industry 4.0 and internet of things applications. This paper introduces a new wireless communication system that enables real-time and highly robust wireless communication. Using this system makes it possible to transfer any digital bus system transparently. Based on a prototype, measurements and evaluations of the new systems are demonstrated.

We propose a measurement uncertainty model of two complementary optical sensors: a deflectometric and a plenoptic sensor. The deflectometric sensor uses active triangulation and works best on specular surfaces, while the plenoptic sensor uses passive triangulation and works best on textured, diffusely reflecting surfaces. The predicted uncertainties can be used to obtain optimized measurements for varying surface properties. The models are validated exemplarily based on real measurements.

The availability of datasets providing information on the spatial and temporal evolution of greenhouse gas concentrations is of high relevance for the development of reliable climate simulations. Here we present a novel, non-dispersive infrared absorption spectroscopy (NDIR) device that can possibly act as a central building block of a sensor node to provide high-quality data of carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations under field conditions at a high measurement rate.

This paper presents an explosion-proof two-channel Raman photometer designed for chemical process monitoring in hazardous explosive atmospheres. Due to its design, alignment of components is simplified and economic in comparison to spectrometer systems. The described embedded sensor is ideally suited as a process analytical technology (PAT) tool for applications in environments with limitations on power input.

Computed tomography measurements can be subject to specific image artefacts, which can be dependent on the effective rotation axis of the work piece during the scan. The presented approach is to combine several CT scans with different rotation axes of the work piece using a data fusion approach. To improve the fidelity of the result, surface points are weighted individually within the algorithm, dependent on the local surface quality of the measurement.

A dialysis treatment with an individual dialysis fluid composition can prevent certain complications during treatment. For this purpose, it is necessary to know the exact electrolyte concentrations in the blood. In this work, we present a concept for continuous in-line monitoring of electrolyte concentrations using ion-selective electrodes separated from the blood flow by a dialysis membrane. First investigations of this concept show no hemolysis and a relative error of less than 0.5 %.

This paper addresses the development and characterization of a non-intrusive silicon-based microsensor, which can detect electric partial discharges in electrical insulation equipment. Early partial discharge detection prevents failures and can be used to optimize maintenance operations. The main advantage of the proposed CMOS-based design resides in its monolithic integration added to the high autonomy, which improves the microsensor efficiency.

Multi-component sensors for force and moment are commonly used in different areas as robotics, crash tests or material testing. The dynamic behaviour of such sensors may differ significantly from the static behaviour. To analyse the dynamic characteristics, we developed an improved test set-up for periodic excitation. It consists of an electrodynamic shaker, adapting elements and different acceleration references. The first experiments show good results for periodic excitation up to 1000 Hz.

The study describes how distributed optical strain measurement can be applied to steel surfaces. With the method presented, strain transfers from the substrate to the fiber core can be achieved that are almost identical to those of the reference measurement, especially with Ormocer^® and polyimide coating. The research results are to be used in the future for strain measurement in concrete construction on reinforcing steel.

This research work suggests a method for thermal effects' compensation during the linear measurements of objects without actual temperature measurements. Due to certain simplifications, the method is not as accurate as conventional ones (when temperature of the objects and the environment should be measured), but provides much more accuracy than linear measurements without temperature measurements normally do, though maintaining the same pace.

For the understanding of new materials, especially oxides, oxygen exchange of such materials and its consequences for their properties are of high interest. For this purpose a new setup for oxygen solid electrolyte coulometry with electrochemical cells made of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is presented. It could be shown that this setup enables the measurement of exchanged oxygen from the picomol up to the higher nanomol range with a precision which was not achieved so far.

Computed tomography (CT) is an important imaging technology which enables minimally invasive procedures. Uncertainties in imaging lead to erroneous initial conditions for the navigation process during minimally invasive surgery and result in a higher risk of unintended injuries. To minimize the risk, the uncertainties of the imaging process need to be estimated and considered during the planning of a procedure. A method for estimating the uncertainty is demonstrated.