Articles | Volume 7, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-131-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-131-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Regular research article
| 
06 Mar 2018
Regular research article |
| 06 Mar 2018
| 06 Mar 2018
IO-Link Wireless enhanced factory automation communication for Industry 4.0 applications
Ralf Heynicke
Helmut-Schmidt-University, University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043 Hamburg, Germany
Dmytro Krush
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Helmut-Schmidt-University, University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043 Hamburg, Germany
Christoph Cammin
Helmut-Schmidt-University, University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043 Hamburg, Germany
Gerd Scholl
Helmut-Schmidt-University, University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043 Hamburg, Germany
Bernd Kaercher
Festo AG & Co. KG, CRC-MC, Mechatronic Components Research, Ruiter Str. 82, 73734 Esslingen, Germany
Jochen Ritter
Festo AG & Co. KG, CRC-MC, Mechatronic Components Research, Ruiter Str. 82, 73734 Esslingen, Germany
Pascal Gaggero
Balluff AG, Innovation Management, Keltenstr. 49, 2564 Bellmund, Switzerland
Markus Rentschler
Balluff GmbH, Business Unit Networking, Schurwaldstr. 9, 73765 Neuhausen a.d.F., Germany
Related authors
Christoph Cammin, Dmytro Krush, Ralf Heynicke, and Gerd Scholl
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 7, 183–192, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-183-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-183-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A test method for narrowband wireless sensor/actuator networks is presented, facilitating affordable and efficient performance and compliance tests. Employing frequency/time division multiple access (F/TDMA) techniques and protocol synchronization, the complexity can siginificantly be reduced. Thus, complete communication testing becomes technically feasible and affordable.
Thomas Robert Doebbert, Christoph Cammin, and Gerd Scholl
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 11, 149–159, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-11-149-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-11-149-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Modern production concepts generate a demand for reliable, energy-efficient, fast, and secure wireless communication solutions. Therefore, the current consumption should not increase substantially due to additional security operations. This paper shows a principle current measurement method that is exemplary of a transceiver for IO-Link Wireless protocol. The results show that the current consumption only increases slightly with acceptable measurement uncertainty.
Christoph Cammin, Dmytro Krush, Ralf Heynicke, and Gerd Scholl
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 8, 185–194, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-8-185-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-8-185-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Reverberation chambers are well-proven test environments for RF measurements. Typically, mean values are taken from the measurements to characterize the equipment under test. In the novel approach presented in this paper, the correlation of measured sample sequences is utilized to detect deviations, in particular of the radiation characteristics, from reference equipment.
Christoph Cammin, Dmytro Krush, Ralf Heynicke, and Gerd Scholl
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 7, 183–192, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-183-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-183-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A test method for narrowband wireless sensor/actuator networks is presented, facilitating affordable and efficient performance and compliance tests. Employing frequency/time division multiple access (F/TDMA) techniques and protocol synchronization, the complexity can siginificantly be reduced. Thus, complete communication testing becomes technically feasible and affordable.
Dmytro Krush, Christoph Cammin, Ralf Heynicke, Gerd Scholl, and Bernd Kaercher
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 6, 19–26, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-6-19-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-6-19-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
A new wireless communication system (WCS) for sensor-actuator communication has been developed to facilitate energy and environmental monitoring on the shop floor of industrial production sites. Its wireless technology is presented in detail. The WCS is able to efficiently use the available spectrum together with the other wireless systems around. Measured results for the coexistence capability are shown.
Related subject area
Measurement systems: Sensor-actuator systems
Acoustophoresis in suspensions with local and time-discrete sound fields based on the time reversal technique
Adjustment concept for compensating for stiffness and tilt sensitivity of a novel monolithic electromagnetic force compensation (EMFC) weighing cell
Development and test of a highly sensitive and selective hydrogen sensor system
Integrated defect sensor for the inspection of fiber-reinforced plastics using air-coupled ultrasound
A mobile nondestructive testing (NDT) system for fast detection of impact damage in fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP)
Modelling and model verification of an autonomous threshold sensor for humidity measurements
Close-to-process strain measurement in ultrasonic vibration-assisted turning
Physically based computer graphics for realistic image formation to simulate optical measurement systems
Active magnetic levitation and 3-D position measurement for a ball viscometer
Determination of the material properties of polymers using laser-generated broadband ultrasound
Micro-structured electron accelerator for the mobile gas ionization sensor technology
A micro optical probe for edge contour evaluation of diamond cutting tools
Philipp Hörnlein, Sebastian Wöckel, Hendrik Arndt, and Jörg Auge
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 11, 117–128, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-11-117-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-11-117-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The present research work investigated the acoustic manipulation of bioparticles and cells in closed and liquid-filled vessels using a special method for focusing acoustic fields. Based on simulation studies, the feasibility of particle manipulation with this method was successfully demonstrated. Successful final testing using a demonstrator and thus the transfer and prospective application in biotechnology are part of further research work.
Markus Pabst, Maximilian Darnieder, René Theska, and Thomas Fröhlich
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 11, 109–116, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-11-109-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-11-109-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
An adjustment concept for high-precision weighing cells has been developed and experimentally investigated. It allows for minimization of uncertainty contributions due to tilt while maximizing sensitivity to mass. By applying the adjustment capabilities to new weighing cells, the devices can simultaneously become more accurate, more adaptable and more robust.
Pramit Sood, Jens Zosel, Michael Mertig, Wolfram Oelßner, Olaf Herrmann, and Michael Woratz
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 9, 309–317, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-309-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-309-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A miniaturized, field-applicable sensor system was developed for the measurement of low hydrogen (H2) concentrations in air. The sensor system is based on the application of a newly developed miniaturized coulometric detector with gas chromatographic (GC) pre-separation after injection. By optimizing all operational parameters, it was possible to conduct reproducible and 100 % selective H2 measurements with more than 90 % analyte turnover compared to Faraday's law.
Yannick Bernhardt and Marc Kreutzbruck
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 9, 127–132, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-127-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-127-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Air-coupled ultrasound is a non-contact non-destructive testing method. In many cases air-coupled ultrasound is used in a transmission mode requiring access from both sides of the specimen. Air-coupled ultrasound can be used in a re-emission mode enabling single-sided testing. In this work a sensor head with automatically adjustable ultrasound probes was developed to make one-sided air-coupled ultrasound easier. With this integrated sensor head it is possible to detect defects in thin walls.
Johannes Rittmann, Markus Rahammer, Niels Holtmann, and Marc Kreutzbruck
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 9, 43–50, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-43-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-43-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A new approach with an acousto-thermal nondestructive testing technique was developed and integrated into a mobile prototype NDT device. It is based on well-known ultrasonic thermography and uses hardware, specimen and local defect resonances for efficient excitation. It was specifically designed for fast and easy-to-interpret application in impact damage detection. Its handheld design allows for mobile usage at impact-injured FRP structures with a testing time of only 1 min.
Nikolai Gulnizkij and Gerald Gerlach
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 9, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-1-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-1-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We describe a mechanical model based on the beam theory for the development of a beam-like sensor switch with switching hysteresis for humidity sensing. The hydrogel swelling provides the mechanical energy to deflect the partly hydrogel-covered bending beam via the bimorph effect. From the model, we calculate the deflection of a beam-like sensor switch with and without a switching hysteresis. A beam-like sensor switch was manufactured, and the switching hysteresis was successfully demonstrated.
Simon Kimme, Nessma Hafez, Christian Titsch, Jonas Maximilian Werner, Andreas Nestler, and Welf-Guntram Drossel
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 8, 285–292, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-8-285-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-8-285-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Vibrations in the manufacturing process are usually undesirable. However, vibrations in the ultrasonic range can be used to enhance process variables such as forces, wear or the machined surface.
Thus far, it has not been possible to detect vibrations close to the process. This prevents a stable setting of vibration parameters. By measuring strains in the tool, conclusions about the shape and magnitude of vibrations could be drawn, enabling process-oriented measurements during turning.
Max-Gerd Retzlaff, Johannes Hanika, Jürgen Beyerer, and Carsten Dachsbacher
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 6, 171–184, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-6-171-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-6-171-2017, 2017
Friedrich Feichtinger, Stefan Clara, Alexander O. Niedermayer, Thomas Voglhuber-Brunnmaier, and Bernhard Jakoby
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 5, 447–455, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-5-447-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-5-447-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new technique which can be used in devices measuring the viscosity of a liquid. To this end, a steel ball is submerged in the liquid and levitated by magnetic forces. The ball's position is measured and controlled to keep the ball in a stable levitated position. The ball is then actuated to perform a circular motion through the liquid. This motion is measured and can be used to draw conclusions about the liquid's viscosity.
Leander Claes, Thorsten Meyer, Fabian Bause, Jens Rautenberg, and Bernd Henning
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 5, 187–196, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-5-187-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-5-187-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present a non-destructive method to determine the material properties, for example elastic constants, of metal and polymer plates using laser-generated ultrasound. The ultrasonic signals are detected using an ultrasonic transducer that shows high sensitivity over a wide rage of frequencies. A method of signal processing to determine material properties is described and can be expanded upon to characterize more complex samples, such as fibre reinforced composites.
C. M. Zimmer, K. T. Kallis, and F. J. Giebel
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 4, 151–157, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-4-151-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-4-151-2015, 2015
S. H. Jang, Y. Shimizu, S. Ito, and W. Gao
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 3, 69–76, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-3-69-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-3-69-2014, 2014
Cited articles
Balluff GmbH: We Speak IO-Link In every area,
available at: http://assets.balluff.com/WebBinary1/895192_1304_EN.pdf
(last access: 23 September 2017), 2013. a
Bluetooth SIG: Bluetooth Core Specifications,
available at: https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/bluetooth-core-specification, last access: 7 December 2017. a
Cammin, C., Krush, D., Heynicke, R., Scholl, G., Schulze, C., Thiede, S., and
Herrmann, C.: Coexisting Wireless Sensor Networks in Cyber-Physical
Production Systems, in: 2016 IEEE 21st International Conference on
Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), 1–4,
https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2016.7733593, 2016. a
Cammin, C., Krush, D., Heynicke, R., and Scholl, G.: Test Method for Narrowband
F/TDMA-based Wireless Sensor/Actuator Networks, in: Proceedings – AMA
Conferences 2017, 151–155, https://doi.org/10.5162/sensor2017/A8.4,
2017a. a, b
Cammin, C., Krush, D., Heynicke, R., and Scholl, G.: Messtechnische
Evaluierung einer Modenverwirbelungskammer als Testumgebung für
drahtlose Sensor/Aktar-Module, Tech. Mess., 84, 106–115,
https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2017-0049,
2017b. a, b
Chen, X., Kildal, P. S., and Lai, S. H.: Estimation of Average Rician
K-Factor and Average Mode Bandwidth in Loaded Reverberation
Chamber, IEEE Antenn. Wirel. Pr., 10, 1437–1440,
https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2011.2179910, 2011. a, b
Coder, J. B., Ladbury, J. M., Holloway, C. L., and Remley, K. A.: Examining the
true effectiveness of loading a reverberation chamber: How to get your
chamber consistently loaded, in: 2010 IEEE Int. Symp.
Elec., 530–535,
https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.2010.5711332, 2010. a, b
Corona, P., Ferrara, G., and Migliaccio, M.: Reverberating chamber
electromagnetic field in presence of an unstirred component, IEEE T. Electromagn. C., 42, 111–115,
https://doi.org/10.1109/15.852404, 2000. a
Dombrowski, C. and Gross, J.: EchoRing: A Low-Latency, Reliable
Token-Passing MAC Protocol for Wireless Industrial Networks,
in: Proceedings of European Wireless 2015; 21th European Wireless
Conference, 1–8, 2015. a
Dombrowski, C., Junges, S., Katoen, J. P., and Gross, J.: Model-Checking
Assisted Protocol Design for Ultra-reliable Low-Latency
Wireless Networks, in: 2016 IEEE 35th Symposium on Reliable
Distributed Systems (SRDS), 307–316, https://doi.org/10.1109/SRDS.2016.048,
2016. a
ETSI: EN 300 328 V1.9.1 (2015-02) Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio
spectrum Matters (ERM); Wideband transmission systems; Data
transmission equipment operating in the 2,4 GHz ISM band and using wide
band modulation techniques; Harmonized EN covering the essential
requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive,
available at: http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/300300_300399/300328/01.09.01_60/en_300328v010901p.pdf (last access: 30 August 2016), 2015. a, b
ETSI: EN 300 328 V2.1.1 (2016-11) Wideband transmission systems; Data
transmission equipment operating in the 2,4 GHz ISM band and using wide
band modulation techniques; Harmonised Standard covering the essential
requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU,
available at: http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/300300_300399/300328/02.01.01_60/en_300328v020101p.pdf (last access: 25 September 2017), 2016. a
Frotzscher, A., Wetzker, U., Bauer, M., Rentschler, M., Beyer, M., Elspass, S.,
and Klessig, H.: Requirements and current solutions of wireless communication
in industrial automation, in: 2014 IEEE International Conference on
Communications Workshops (ICC), 67–72,
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCW.2014.6881174, 2014. a, b
HART-FieldComm Group: WirelessHART,
available at: https://fieldcommgroup.org/technologies/hart, last
access: 26 February 2018. a
Heynicke, R., Krush, D., Scholl, G., Kaercher, B., Ritter, J., Gaggero, P., and
Rentschler, M.: IO-Link Wireless Enhanced Sensors and Actuators
for Industry 4.0 Networks, in: Proceedings – AMA Conferences 2017 with
SENSOR and IRS2, 134–138, https://doi.org/10.5162/sensor2017/A8.1, 2017. a, b
Holloway, C. L., Hill, D. A., Ladbury, J. M., Wilson, P. F., Koepke, G., and
Coder, J.: On the Use of Reverberation Chambers to Simulate a
Rician Radio Environment for the Testing of Wireless Devices,
IEEE T. Antenn. Propag., 54, 3167–3177,
https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2006.883987, 2006. a, b
IEC 62591: IEC 62591:2016 Industrial networks – Wireless communication
network and communication profiles – WirelessHART,
available at: https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/24433 (last access: 12
September 2017), 2016. a
IEEE 802.15.1: IEEE SA – 802.15.1-2005 – IEEE Standard for
Information technology – Local and metropolitan area networks –
Specific requirements – Part 15.1a: Wireless Medium Access
Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications for
Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN),
available at: https://standards.ieee.org/findstds/standard/802.15.1-2005.html (last access: 3 December 2017), 2005. a, b, c, d
IEEE 802.15.4 : IEEE SA – 802.15.4-2015 – IEEE Standard for
Low-Rate Wireless Networks,
available at: https://standards.ieee.org/findstds/standard/802.15.4-2015.html (last access: 23 June 2016), 2015. a
IO-Link Community: IO-Link Interface and System – Specification
Version 1.1.2, July 2013, Order No: 10.002,
available at: http://www.io-link.com/share/Downloads/Spec-Interface/IOL-Interface-Spec_10002_V112_Jul13.pdf (last access: 4 December 2017), 2013. a
IO-Link Community: IO-Link Test – Specification Version 1.1.2, July
2014, Order No: 10.032,
available at: http://www.io-link.com/share/Downloads/Testspec/IOL-Test-Spec_10032_V112_Jul14.pdf (last access: 1 September 2017), 2014. a
Jeschke, S., Brecher, C., Meisen, T., Oezdemir, D., and Eschert, T.:
Industrial Internet of Things and Cyber Manufacturing Systems,
in: Industrial Internet of Things – Cybermanufacturing Systems,
edited by: Jeschke, S., Brecher, C., Song, H., and Rawat, D. B.,
Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, 1, 3–20, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42559-7, 2017. a, b
Kildal, P. S., Chen, X., Orlenius, C., Franzen, M., and Patane, C. S. L.:
Characterization of Reverberation Chambers for OTA Measurements of
Wireless Devices: Physical Formulations of Channel Matrix and
New Uncertainty Formula, IEEE T. Antenn. Propag.,
60, 3875–3891, https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2012.2201125, 2012. a
Koerber, H.-J., Wattar, H., Kaercher, B., and Scholl, G.: Radio Control
System, eP Patent 2 041 901 A1,
available at: https://depatisnet.dpma.de/DepatisNet/depatisnet?action=bibdat&docid=EP000002041901A1
(last access: 26 February 2018), 2008. a
Kostas, J. G. and Boverie, B.: Statistical model for a mode-stirred chamber,
IEEE T. Electromagn. C., 33, 366–370,
https://doi.org/10.1109/15.99120, 1991. a
Krueger, D., Heynicke, R., and Scholl, G.: Wireless sensor/actuator-network
with improved coexistence performance for 2.45 GHz ISM-band operation,
in: 2012 9th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and
Devices (SSD), 1–5, https://doi.org/10.1109/SSD.2012.6198099, 2012. a
Lötbäck, C. S. P., Skårbratt, A., and Orlenius, C.: Extending the
reverberation chamber using a channel emulator for characterisation of
over-the-air performance of multiple-input #x2013;multiple-output wireless
devices, IET Science, Measurement Technology, 9, 555–562,
https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-smt.2014.0290, 2015. a
OPC Foundation: What is OPC? – OPC Foundation,
available at: https://opcfoundation.org/about/what-is-opc/ last access:
20 December 2017a. a
OPC Foundation: IO-Link – OPC Foundation,
available at: https://opcfoundation.org/markets-collaboration/io-link/,
last access: 20 December 2017b. a
OPC Foundation: Unified Architecture – OPC Foundation,
available at: https://opcfoundation.org/markets-collaboration/io-link/,
last access: 20 December 2017c. a
Phoenix Contact: Factoryline Bluetooth EPA - the robust Ethernet wireless
bridge,
available at: https://www.phoenixcontact.com/online/portal/gb?1dmy&urile=wcm:path:/gben/web/main/products/subcategory_pages/industrial_bluetooth_p-08-11-02-01/e3cb310f-4846-4bb5-b434-ca8353138b38/e3cb310f-4846-4bb5-b434-ca8353138b38, last access: 7 December 2017a. a, b
R3coms: Calculator – EchoRing,
available at: http://echoring.de/calculator/, last access: 22 December
2017a. a
Rentschler, M.: Roaming in Wireless Factory Automation Networks, in: 2017
IEEE 22st International Conference on Emerging Technologies and
Factory Automation (ETFA), September 12–15, Limassol,
Cyprus; in puplication, 1–4, 2017. a
Rentschler, M., Trsek, H., and Dürkop, L.: OPC UA extension for IP
Auto-Configuration in Cyber-Physical Systems, in: 2016 IEEE 14th
International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN),
26–31, https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN.2016.7819128, 2016. a
Rosengren, K., Kildal, P. S., Carlsson, C., and Carlsson, J.: Characterization
of antennas for mobile and wireless terminals by using reverberation
chambers: improved accuracy by platform stirring, in: IEEE Antennas and
Propagation Society International Symposium, 2001 Digest, Held in
conjunction with: USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting
(Cat. No. 01CH37229), 3, 350–353,
https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2001.960105, 2001. a
Shankar, P. M.: Fading and Shadowing in Wireless Systems, Springer
Science+Business Media, New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London, 2nd Edn.,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0367-8, 2012. a, b, c
Vallestad, A. E.: WISA becomes WSAN – from proprietary technology to industry
standard, in: ABB Corporate Research – Wireless Summit 2012,
available at: http://www.ifea.no/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/A-Vallestad-WISA_becomes_WSAN-Wireless-Summit-2012.pdf (last access: 7 December 2017),
2012. a
Weczerek, J. and Pape, A.: Koexistenz von Bluetooth und WLAN in der
industriellen Praxis, in: Wireless Technologies – 12. Kongress 22–23
September 2010, edited by: Wollert, J. F., VDI Verlag, Duesseldorf, 2010. a
Short summary
In the context of the Industry 4.0 initiative, Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) or Cyber Manufacturing Systems (CMS) can be characterized as advanced networked mechatronic production systems gaining their added value by interaction with the ambient Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). In this context IO-Link is one of the actual communication standards. This article presents IO-Link Wireless as the wireless extension to IO-Link.
In the context of the Industry 4.0 initiative, Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) or Cyber...
Special issue