Articles | Volume 13, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-13-263-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-13-263-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Regular research article
| 
11 Dec 2024
Regular research article |
| 11 Dec 2024
| 11 Dec 2024
A concept for sensor system developments using raw-milk monitoring as a case study
Maximilian Koehne
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, 85354 Freising, Germany
Department of Systems Engineering, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
Michael Henfling
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Microsystems and Solid State Technologies EMFT, 80686 Munich, Germany
Institute of Physics, Universität der Bundeswehr München, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
Leistungszentrum “Sichere und intelligente Systeme” – LZSiS, 80686 Munich, Germany
Kristina Amtmann
Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
Andreas Stenzel
Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, 85354 Freising, Germany
Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
Andrea Buettner
Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, 85354 Freising, Germany
Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
Sabine Trupp
Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Microsystems and Solid State Technologies EMFT, 80686 Munich, Germany
Institute of Physics, Universität der Bundeswehr München, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
Leistungszentrum “Sichere und intelligente Systeme” – LZSiS, 80686 Munich, Germany
Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, 85354 Freising, Germany
Tilman Sauerwald
Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, 85354 Freising, Germany
Department of Systems Engineering, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Continuous inspection of gases is increasingly important for process monitoring, like fruit ripening. This involves the detection of individual markers in complex gas mixtures, e.g., to indicate spoilage. Unfortunately, classical techniques are lab-bound and resource-intensive. Hence, small, low-cost systems are being developed. Thereto, we propose a sensor system, containing a non-heated gas separation unit and gas sensors combined with a compensation of surrounding temperature effects.
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This article presents first results from our research on the improvement of post-consumer recycled plastics in a suitable measurement situation on the compounding extruder, where the material is molten and by-products are removed by a vacuum. An extraction system was implemented, and samples were analyzed with laboratory methods. The results give insight into occurring substances and show the feasibility of the technique. Guidelines for an online sampling and monitoring system are derived.
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Continuous odor monitoring is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, odor monitoring systems are needed that are less expensive than conventional laboratory equipment and do not require trained personnel. Here, a gas chromatography selective odorant measurement sensor array (GC-SOMSA) system is used as part of the development concept. It correlates a sensor response to a mass spectrometer signal and an odor impression. This allows for a fast and inexpensive characterization suitable for many applications.
Maximilian Koehne, Christopher Schmidt, Satnam Singh, Andreas Grasskamp, Tilman Sauerwald, and Gina Zeh
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 12, 215–223, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-12-215-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-12-215-2023, 2023
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Continuous inspection of gases is increasingly important for process monitoring, like fruit ripening. This involves the detection of individual markers in complex gas mixtures, e.g., to indicate spoilage. Unfortunately, classical techniques are lab-bound and resource-intensive. Hence, small, low-cost systems are being developed. Thereto, we propose a sensor system, containing a non-heated gas separation unit and gas sensors combined with a compensation of surrounding temperature effects.
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In this work, we have developed and validated a semi-automatic approach that greatly reduces the amount of interaction and effort needed for analyzing samples via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Further, unlike many other approaches, our developed tool is accessible to the novice and does not require any programming experience. Using whisky as an example substance, we show how the analysis method compares to conventional software, and we validate our approach against that.
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Short summary
Continuous quality monitoring has become increasingly important in industrial processes, such as raw-milk monitoring. This can often be achieved by detecting individual process markers in the gas phase, which requires inexpensive analytical systems. Therefore, an easy-to-implement three-step concept has been developed that aims to bring together the chemical–analytical and sensor–technical sides. This concept is designed to be applicable in a wide variety of cases and to a range of sensors.
Continuous quality monitoring has become increasingly important in industrial processes, such as...
