A simple physically motivated model for measurements obtained by nondestructive testing and evaluation using eddy-current methods is created by using equivalent circuit networks that include all relevant effects. The transfer function of a network is derived and its physical meaning discussed. For use in process control, a sensor system with low-latency parameter identification is integrated into a forming process, and its abilities to monitor microstructure changes are demonstrated.

Because most commercialized current sensors can only measure current flow when a signal line is inserted into a clamp-shaped probe, it is impossible to measure the current waveform of a high-end PCB with a sub-millimeter fine pitch. We developed a pin-type current probe with high sensitivity, targeting the analysis of high-end PCBs. The probe can measure the current waveform by simply contacting the measurement point. This paper reports on the current sensor development.

The paper describes a novel energy-harvesting system based on the Wiegand effect. The energy provided by this harvester is analysed and correlated to the required energy to start a microcontroller and perform some wireless data transfer. The energy consumption is analysed in detail down to component level. A demonstrator including an additional sensor and wireless transmitter was built, proving that sufficient energy is provided by the harvester for the wireless transfer of the sensor data.

We describe the development and characterization of a three-dimensional (3D) magnetic coil system that is able to produce magnetic flux densities of up to 2 mT in an arbitrary field direction. The coil system can be used to calibrate 3D magnetometers efficiently, and the measurements are traceable to national SI units.

Traceably calibrated scanning Hall microscopy (SHM) is a versatile tool for the quantitative characterization of magnetic microstructures. To enable SHM with a resolution in the micrometer range under ambient conditions, two Hall sensor materials, gold and graphene, were investigated. A SHM setup utilizing a 5 μm gold Hall sensor was calibrated. The field sensitivity and the detailed uncertainty budget are discussed. The presented traceable calibration is validated by comparison to simulations.