Articles | Volume 10, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-10-261-2021
https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-10-261-2021
Regular research article
 | 
13 Oct 2021
Regular research article |  | 13 Oct 2021

Characterization of specular freeform surfaces from reflected ray directions using experimental ray tracing

Tobias Binkele, David Hilbig, Mahmoud Essameldin, Thomas Henning, Friedrich Fleischmann, and Walter Lang

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Cited articles

Anaconda Inc.: Anaconda 2020.11 with Python 3.8, 64-bit, available at: https://www.anaconda.com/ (last access: 9 October 2021), 2020. 
Arnold, T., Böhm, G., and Paetzelt, H.: Ultra-Precision Surface Machining with Reactive Plasma Jets, Contrib. Plasma Phys., 54, 145–154, https://doi.org/10.1002/ctpp.201310058, 2014. 
Binkele, T., Hilbig, D., Fleischmann, F., and Henning, T.: Determination of the paraxial focal length of strong focusing lenses using Zernike polynomials in simulation and measurement, in: Proc. SPIE 9960, Interferometry XVIII, 28 August–1 September 2016, San Diego, CA, USA, 99600N, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2238059, 2016. 
Binkele, T., Hilbig, D., Fleischmann, F., and Henning, T.: Calibration of the incident beam in a reflective topography measurement from an unknown surface, in: Proc. SPIE 10329, Optical Measurement Systems for Industrial Inspection X, 25–29 June 2017, Munich, Germany, 103291S, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2270291, 2017. 
Binkele, T., Dylla-Spears, R., Johnson, M. A., Hilbig, D., Essameldin, M., Henning, T., and Fleischmann, F.: Characterization of gradient index optical components using experimental ray tracing, in: Proc. SPIE 10925, Photonic Instrumentation Engineering VI, 2–7 February 2019, San Francisco, CA, USA, 109250D, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2511072, 2019a. 
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Short summary
The development of optical design is characterized by the desire for more applications and better performance. The latest result of this development is freeform optics offering almost unlimited possibilities for the designers. However, an optical component has also to be manufactured and tested by metrology. We propose a measurement technique for the surface characterization of freeform optical components and highlight the possible error sources and their influence on the measurement result.