Articles | Volume 6, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-6-77-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-6-77-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Regular research article
| 
06 Feb 2017
Regular research article |
| 06 Feb 2017
Fibre optic sensing system for monitoring of current collectors and overhead contact lines of railways
Kerstin Schröder
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
Manfred Rothhardt
Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
Wolfgang Ecke
Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
Uwe Richter
Eurailscout Inspection & Analysis b.v., Torellstr. 1, 10243 Berlin, Germany
André Sonntag
Eurailscout Inspection & Analysis b.v., Torellstr. 1, 10243 Berlin, Germany
Hartmut Bartelt
Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Optimization of soot deposition by high-temperature prepolarization of a resistive particulate matter sensor
Comparison of different fiber coatings for distributed strain measurement in cementitious matrices
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Thomas Wöhrl, Julia Herrmann, Jaroslaw Kita, Ralf Moos, and Gunter Hagen
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 12, 205–214, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-12-205-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-12-205-2023, 2023
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Sensors for detecting various gases, such as nitrogen oxides, play a major role in times of climate change in protecting the environment from the possible toxic influences of such gases. Due to their usually complex design, gas sensors may react to changes in the operating temperature, which can occur due to different ambient influences. This article shows two methods for accurately measuring the temperature on the surface of a sensor under realistic conditions.
Robin Werner, Jaroslaw Kita, Michael Gollner, Florian Linseis, and Ralf Moos
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 12, 69–84, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-12-69-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-12-69-2023, 2023
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A high-temperature gauge to simultaneously determine electrical conductivity, the Hall constant, and the Seebeck coefficient was developed. Screen-printed heating structures on a ceramic sample holder generate temperatures up to 800 °C. Heating structures were designed using FEM simulations. The temperature distribution was validated by thermal imaging. Measurements on constantan (reference material) and boron-doped silicon wafer confirm the functionality of the gauge up to 800 °C.
Roman Kruglov, Gregor Saur, and Rainer Engelbrecht
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 11, 161–169, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-11-161-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-11-161-2022, 2022
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Gas analysis by absorption spectroscopy helps to optimize combustion processes in engines. Optical distance sensors are non-contact and offer high accuracy and precision. Both sensor applications benefit from light sources with a rapidly swept wavelength to monitor dynamic processes. In our paper, we precisely characterize the dynamic wavelength sweep of a rapidly pulsed VCSEL (vertical cavity surface emitting laser), a tiny semiconductor laser well suited for optical sensing.
Nina Leiter, Maximilian Wohlschläger, Martin Versen, and Christian Laforsch
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 11, 129–136, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-11-129-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-11-129-2022, 2022
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In this contribution the frequency domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FD-FLIM) technique is evaluated for post-consumer wood sorting. The measured data were processed using algorithmic decision trees to identify the wood species and post-consumer wood category. The experimental results revealed the high potential of the FD-FLIM technique for automated post-consumer wood sorting.
Michal Schulz, Rezvan Ghanavati, Fabian Kohler, Jürgen Wilde, and Holger Fritze
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 10, 271–279, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-10-271-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-10-271-2021, 2021
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Temperature sensors based on piezoelectric devices enable precise measurement of temperature changes in harsh environments such as high temperatures or aggressive atmospheres. In the case of this device, the change in the temperature is detected by means of the changing resonance frequency of the sensor. Here a sensor device based on catangasite (an isomorph of quartz) is presented. We discuss its behavior at elevated temperatures and confirm that it can successfully operate up to 1030 °C.
Yiting Wu, Elisa Wirthmann, Ute Klöpzig, and Tino Hausotte
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 10, 171–177, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-10-171-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-10-171-2021, 2021
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A new metrological atomic force microscope (MAFM) head design is shown. We investigated the MAFM head in the nanomeasuring machine (NMM-1) for different high-precision and large-scale traceable measurement tasks. Due to their integration, the MAFM head can benefit from the large measuring range, high-precision and traceability of the NMM-1 for efficient measurements on different samples. The presented results show the realised macroscale measurements with sub-nanometre resolution.
Robin Werner, Jaroslaw Kita, Michael Gollner, Florian Linseis, and Ralf Moos
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 10, 71–81, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-10-71-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-10-71-2021, 2021
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A novel, low-cost measurement device for simultaneous high temperature measurements of the electrical conductivity and Hall coefficient has been developed. Simulations were used to design a suitable screen-printed planar platinum heating structure that generates temperatures of up to 600 °C. Simulations of the temperature distribution have been validated using thermal imaging. Measurements were compared with data from the literature to validate the functionality of the novel device.
Tobias Baur, Manuel Bastuck, Caroline Schultealbert, Tilman Sauerwald, and Andreas Schütze
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 9, 411–424, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-411-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-411-2020, 2020
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Applications like air quality, fire detection and detection of explosives require selective and quantitative measurements in an ever-changing background of interfering gases. One main issue hindering the successful implementation of gas sensors in real-world applications is the lack of appropriate calibration procedures for advanced gas sensor systems. This article presents a calibration scheme for gas sensors based on gas profiles with unique randomized gas mixtures.
Lili Chen, Ulana Cikalova, Beatrice Bendjus, Stefan Muench, and Mike Roellig
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 9, 345–354, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-345-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-345-2020, 2020
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This paper describes an optical sensor system based on the technique of laser speckle photometry (LSP) for the application of stress characterization and defect detection in ceramics. The purpose of the research is to develop an in-line inspection solution for the industrial field. The preliminary results show that the LSP technique has the potential to fulfill the task.
Jens Ebel, Carolin Schilling, and Holger Fritze
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 9, 263–271, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-263-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-263-2020, 2020
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In a very specific way, this research paper shows how established systems – in this case a commercial soot sensor for the automotive sector – can be optimized by diving deep into the basic research. The approach here is to link macroscopic observations or signal behavior with processes taking place on the atomic level. Taking these fundamental processes into account, the sensor's specific response time could be shortened effectively by a change in operating strategy – without any design changes.
Martin Weisbrich, Klaus Holschemacher, and Thomas Bier
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 9, 189–197, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-189-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-189-2020, 2020
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Distributed fiber optic strain measurement based on Rayleigh scattering enables the monitoring of strain along the entire fiber length and the possibility of integration into material matrices. In this article, optical fibers were integrated into the concrete matrix of small prisms to measure the deformation by drying. In comparison with a reference measuring method, the losses of strain transfer were measured. The analysis shows a high correlation between the reference method and the fiber.
Sebastian Metzner, Tamara Reuter, and Tino Hausotte
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 9, 157–165, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-157-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-157-2020, 2020
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For the determination of the refractive index of the lubricant used in the sheet-bulk metal forming process, a lubricant thin-film thickness standard was developed which represents a continuous measuring range from 6 to 100 μm. To determine the refractive index, the thin-film thickness standard was measured with a coaxial interferometric measurement system in various thickness ranges. The results show changing optical properties with increasing layer thickness.
Giuseppe Dinardo, Laura Fabbiano, and Gaetano Vacca
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 8, 269–283, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-8-269-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-8-269-2019, 2019
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The paper deals with the proposal of a new obstruction flowmeter (cone type) characterized by an improved geometry. Compared with a standard geometry cone flowmeter, the proposed one ensures better performance in terms of a higher discharge coefficient and less permanent pressure drops. Additionally, several experimental tests and numerical simulations have been performed to compare the overall performance granted by both flowmeters, endorsing the superiority of the proposed solution.
Jan Nitsche, Rolf Kumme, and Rainer Tutsch
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 7, 577–586, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-577-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-577-2018, 2018
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Multi-component sensors for force and moment are commonly used in different areas as robotics, crash tests or material testing. The dynamic behaviour of such sensors may differ significantly from the static behaviour. To analyse the dynamic characteristics, we developed an improved test set-up for periodic excitation. It consists of an electrodynamic shaker, adapting elements and different acceleration references. The first experiments show good results for periodic excitation up to 1000 Hz.
Alejandro Moreno-Rangel, Tim Sharpe, Filbert Musau, and Gráinne McGill
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 7, 373–388, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-373-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-373-2018, 2018
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We compared the temperature, relative humidity, total volatile organic compounds, carbon dioxide equivalents, and fine particulate matter measurements from Foobot to highly accurate instruments. The results suggest that Foobot offers a relatively low-cost and straightforward solution for identifying high pollutant exposures with potential health risks and for providing data at high granularity. Foobot characteristics make it a useful tool to evaluate occupant pollutant exposure.
Heinz Kohler, Binayak Ojha, Navas Illyaskutty, Ingo Hartmann, Christian Thiel, Konrad Eisinger, and Markus Dambacher
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 7, 161–167, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-161-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-161-2018, 2018
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Wood-log- and wood-chip-fuelled low-power combustion systems emit high amounts of uncombusted gaseous components like CO and particulate matter. Emissions can be effectively reduced by optimized combustion process control using high-temperature gas sensors. The sensing behaviour of gas sensors for continuous analysis of uncombusted components and their long-term stability have been studied. The sensor signals are used to improve the combustion process control and to monitor combustion quality.
Gerry Hamdana, Maik Bertke, Lutz Doering, Thomas Frank, Uwe Brand, Hutomo Suryo Wasisto, and Erwin Peiner
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 6, 121–133, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-6-121-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-6-121-2017, 2017
Michal Schulz, Timna Orland, Alexander Mehlmann, Avner Rothschild, and Holger Fritze
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 6, 107–119, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-6-107-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-6-107-2017, 2017
Franz Schubert, Michael Gollner, Jaroslaw Kita, Florian Linseis, and Ralf Moos
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 5, 381–388, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-5-381-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-5-381-2016, 2016
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An FEM model is used to improve the sensor design of a Tian–Calvet calorimeter. By modifying the basic part of the sensor (a sensor disc based on low temperature co-fired ceramics), the sensitivity was increased by a factor of 3. The model was validated and the sensors were calibrated. Indium and tin samples were measured. The melting temperatures show a deviation of 0.2 K while the enthalpy was measured with a precision better than 1 %. The values for tin deviate by less than 2 % from literature.
Agnes Eydam, Gunnar Suchaneck, and Gerald Gerlach
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 5, 165–170, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-5-165-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-5-165-2016, 2016
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Piezoelectric devices are characterized non-destructively to ensure their functionality. The material is heated by laser diodes. The resulting temperature changes lead to a pyroelectric current. Analytical and numerical finite element models describe the temperature distribution and the current in frequency and time domain. Modelling and experimental results are compared for piezoelectric plates and integrated sensors and actuators.
M. Klenner, T. Abels, C. Zech, A. Hülsmann, M. Schlechtweg, and O. Ambacher
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 4, 125–131, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-4-125-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-4-125-2015, 2015
A. Dickow and G. Feiertag
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 4, 97–102, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-4-97-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-4-97-2015, 2015
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In this paper we present a systematic method to determine sets of close-to-optimal sensor calibration points for a polynomial approximation.For each set of calibration points a polynomial is used to fit the nonlinear sensor response to the calibration reference. The polynomial parameters are calculated using ordinary least square fit. In an experiment, barometric MEMS pressure sensors are calibrated using the proposed calibration method at several temperatures and pressures.
A. Henseleit, C. Pohl, Th. Bley, and E. Boschke
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 4, 77–83, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-4-77-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-4-77-2015, 2015
J. C. B. Fernandes and E. V. Heinke
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 4, 53–61, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-4-53-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-4-53-2015, 2015
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All-solid-state reference electrodes were developed based on particles of graphite/silver/silver chloride synthesized by electroless deposition of metallic silver and silver chloride on graphite powder. These electrodes were not sensitive to abrasion, redox species, pH and high-pressure saturated steam, and were applied successfully in potentiometric cells to measure pH and potassium ions in a complex matrix by direct potentiometry and L-ascorbic acid by potentiometric titration.
S. Kishimoto, S. Akamatsu, H. Song, J. Nomoto, H. Makino, and T. Yamamoto
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 3, 331–334, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-3-331-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-3-331-2014, 2014
A. Lorek
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 3, 177–185, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-3-177-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-3-177-2014, 2014
T. Waber, M. Sax, W. Pahl, S. Stufler, A. Leidl, M. Günther, and G. Feiertag
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 3, 167–175, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-3-167-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-3-167-2014, 2014
N. Orlowski, H.-G. Frede, N. Brüggemann, and L. Breuer
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 2, 179–193, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-2-179-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-2-179-2013, 2013
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Short summary
Fibre optic sensors are excellent tools for monitoring (with) high-voltage current collectors. They are easily integrated into the collector strip and specialized for detection of events like hits on the strip. The sensing system can be used in regular trains and make monitoring of the overhead contact line routine, which is done "along the way", helping not only to prevent accidents by small intruders, but also allowing the prediction of wear and is used to optimize service and repair cycles.
Fibre optic sensors are excellent tools for monitoring (with) high-voltage current collectors....
Special issue