Cramér, H.: Mathematical Methods of Statistics, Princeton Press, Princeton,
NJ, 367–369, 1946. a
Demirli, R. and Saniie, J.: Model-based estimation of ultrasonic echoes. Part
I: Analysis and algorithms, IEEE T. Ultrason. Ferr., 48, 787–802,
https://doi.org/10.1109/58.920713, 2001.
a
Eckert, S., Cramer, A., and Gerbeth, G.: Velocity Measurement Techniques for
Liquid Metal Flows, in: Magnetohydrodynamics, Fluid Mec. A., 80, 275–294, Springer Netherlands,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4833-3_17, 2007a.
a
Eckert, S., Gerbeth, G., Räbiger, D., Willers, B., and Zhang, C.:
Experimental modeling using low melting point metallic melts: Relevance for
metallurgical engineering, Steel Res. Int., 78, 419–425, 2007b. a
Fischer, A., Pfister, T., and Czarske, J.: Derivation and comparison of
fundamental uncertainty limits for laser-two-focus velocimetry, laser Doppler
anemometry and Doppler global velocimetry, Measurement, 43, 1556–1574,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2010.09.009,
2010.
a,
b
Galindo, V., Nauber, R., Räbiger, D., Franke, S., Beyer, H., Büttner, L.,
Czarske, J., and Eckert, S.: Instabilities and spin-up behaviour of a
rotating magnetic field driven flow in a rectangular cavity, Phys. Fluids, 29, 114104,
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4993777, 2017.
a,
b,
c
Gardin, P., Galpin, J.-M., Regnier, M.-C., and Radot, J.-P.: Liquid steel flow
control inside continuous casting mold using a static magnetic field, IEEE T. Magn., 31, 2088–2091,
https://doi.org/10.1109/20.376456,
1995.
a
JCGM: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement, Tech. rep.,
Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology (JCGM),
2008.
a,
b
Jensen, A.: Estimation of blood velocities using ultrasound: a signal
processing approach, Cambridge University Press, 1996.
a,
b,
c,
d,
e
Kasai, C., Namekawa, K., Koyano, A., and Omoto, R.: Real-Time Two-Dimensional
Blood Flow Imaging Using an Autocorrelation Technique, IEEE T. Son. Ultrason., 32, 458–464,
https://doi.org/10.1109/T-SU.1985.31615, 1985.
a,
b,
c,
d,
e
Kay, S. M.: Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing: Estimation Theory,
Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA, 1993. a
Lee, J., Cho, J., Yoo, Y. M., and kyong Song, T.: New clutter rejection method
using time-domain averaging for ultrasound color Doppler imaging, in:
Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), September 2009, IEEE International, Rome, Italy, 1371–1374,
https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2009.5441639, 2009.
a
Loupas, T., Peterson, R., and Gill, R.: Experimental evaluation of velocity and
power estimation for ultrasound blood flow imaging, by means of a
two-dimensional autocorrelation approach, IEEE T. Ultrason. Ferr., 42, 689–699,
https://doi.org/10.1109/58.393111, 1995a.
a
Loupas, T., Powers, J., and Gill, R.: An axial velocity estimator for
ultrasound blood flow imaging, based on a full evaluation of the Doppler
equation by means of a two-dimensional autocorrelation approach, IEEE T. Ultrason. Ferr., 42, 672–688,
https://doi.org/10.1109/58.393110, 1995b.
a,
b
Lovstakken, L., Bjaernm, S., and Torp, H.: Optimal velocity estimation in
ultrasound color flow imaging in presence of clutter, IEEE T. Ultrason. Ferr., 54, 539–549,
https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2007.277, 2007.
a
Morley, N. B., Burris, J., Cadwallader, L. C., and Nornberg, M. D.: GaInSn
usage in the research laboratory, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 79,
056107,
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2930813, 2008.
a
Müller, G. and Friedrich, J.: Optimization and modelling of photovoltaic
silicon crystallization processes, in: AIP Conference Proceedings, Fourteenth
International Summer School on Crystal Growth, vol. 1270, p. 255281,
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3476230, 2010.
a
Nauber, R., Burger, M., Büttner, L., Franke, S., Räbiger, D., Eckert,
S., and Czarske, J.: Novel ultrasound array measurement system for flow
mapping of complex liquid metal flows, The European Physical Journal Special
Topics, 220, 43–52,
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2013-01795-1, 2013a.
a
Nauber, R., Burger, M., Neumann, M., Büttner, L., Dadzis, K., Niemietz, K.,
Pätzold, O., and Czarske, J.: Dual-plane flow mapping in a liquid-metal
model experiment with a square melt in a traveling magnetic field,
Exp. Fluids, 54, 1–11,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-013-1502-x,
2013b.
a
Nauber, R., Thieme, N., Radner, H., Beyer, H., Büttner, L., Dadzis, K.,
Pätzold, O., and Czarske, J.: Ultrasound flow mapping of complex liquid
metal flows with spatial self-calibration, Flow Meas. Instrum., 48, 59–63,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2015.12.005, 2016.
a,
b
Popel, P., Sidorov, V., Yagodin, D., Sivkov, G., and Mozgovoj, A.: Density and
ultrasound velocity of some pure metals in liquid state, in: 7th European
Conference on Thermophysical Properties, 2005. a
Proffit, R. and Carome, E.: Measurements of the velocity and absorption of
ultrasound in liquid gallium, Tech. rep., DTIC Document, John Carroll University, Cleveland, Ohio, 1962.
a,
b
Radhakrishna Rao, C.: Information and accuracy attainable in the estimation of
statistical parameters, Bull. Calcutta Math. S., 37,
81–91, 1945. a
Shung, K.: Diagnostic Ultrasound: Imaging and Blood Flow Measurements, Second
Edition, CRC Press, 2015. a
Thieme, N., Bönisch, P., Meier, D., Nauber, R., Büttner, L.,
Dadzis, K., Pätzold, O., Sylla, L., and Czarske, J.: Ultrasound Flow
Mapping for the Investigation of Crystal Growth, IEEE T. Ultrason. Ferr., 64, 725–735,
https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2017.2654124, 2017.
a,
b
Thomas, L. and Hall, A.: An improved wall filter for flow imaging of low
velocity flow, in: 1994 Proceedings of IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, Cannes, France, 31 October–3 November 1994, 3, 1701–1704,
https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1994.401918, 1994.
a
Timmel, K., Eckert, S., and Gerbeth, G.: Experimental Investigation of the Flow
in a Continuous-Casting Mold under the Influence of a Transverse, Direct
Current Magnetic Field, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 42,
68–80,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-010-9458-1, 2011.
a,
b
Torp, H.: Clutter rejection filters in color flow imaging: A theoretical
approach, IEEE T. Ultrason. Ferr., 44, 417–424, 1997. a
Torp, H., Lai, X., and Kristoffersen, K.: Comparison between cross-correlation
and auto-correlation technique in color flow imaging, in: 1993 Proceedings IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, Baltimore, USA, 31 October–3 November 1993, 2, 1039–1042,
https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1993.339630, 1993.
a
Yasuda, H., Toh, T., Iwai, K., and Morita, K.: Recent Progress of EPM in
Steelmaking, Casting, and Solidification Processing, ISIJ International, 47,
619–626,
https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.47.619, 2007.
a
