Articles | Volume 9, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-227-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-227-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Regular research article
| 
31 Jul 2020
Regular research article |
| 31 Jul 2020
| 31 Jul 2020
Measurement uncertainty analysis of field-programmable gate-array-based, real-time signal processing for ultrasound flow imaging
Richard Nauber
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique (MST), Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
Lars Büttner
Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique (MST), Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
Jürgen Czarske
Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique (MST), Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
Related authors
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Daniel Haufe, Johannes Gürtler, Anita Schulz, Friedrich Bake, Lars Enghardt, and Jürgen Czarske
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 7, 113–122, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-113-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-113-2018, 2018
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The analysis of aeroacoustic phenomena is crucial for deeper understanding of the damping mechanisms of a sound-absorbing bias flow liner. Simultaneous three-component velocity measurements of the superposed sound field and the flow field in a 3-D region of interest with over 4000 measurement points are presented. The natural Helmholtz–Hodge decomposition is applied to separate both fields from the measured velocity field in the spatial domain. This reveals new insight into the aerodynamic flow.
Johannes Gürtler, Daniel Haufe, Anita Schulz, Friedrich Bake, Lars Enghardt, Jürgen Czarske, and Andreas Fischer
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 5, 125–136, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-5-125-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-5-125-2016, 2016
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The interaction of sound and flow enables an efficient noise damping. Understanding this aeroacoustic damping phenomenon requires simultaneous measurement of flow and sound fields. Using a high-speed CMOS camera, two-component flow velocity measurements are performed in a three-dimensional region of interest. The sensor system can simultaneously capture sound and turbulent flow velocity oscillations. The presented measurements reveal that the sound energy is transferred into flow energy.
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Matthias Busch and Tino Hausotte
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 12, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-12-1-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-12-1-2023, 2023
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The paper presents a specimen and evaluation method for interface structural resolution testing of X-ray computed tomography systems based on CT simulations. The geometry is oriented to the norms of image quality investigation. The evaluation is based on profile lines of the cross-sectional images that pass through the boreholes. All statements on resolution refer to the entire measurement chain and, thus, in addition to the reconstruction algorithm also to the surface determination method used.
Hamam Abd and Andreas König
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 11, 233–262, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-11-233-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-11-233-2022, 2022
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We pursue a promising novel self-adaptive spiking neural analog-to-digital data conversion (SN-ADC) design that uses spike time to carry information. Thus, SN-ADC can be effectively translated to aggressive new technologies to implement reliable advanced sensory electronic systems. The SN-ADC supports self-x (self-calibration, self-optimization, and self-healing) and machine learning required for the internet of things and Industry 4.0 and is based on a self-adaptive CMOS memristor.
Dennis Vollberg, Peter Gibson, Günter Schultes, Hans-Werner Groh, and Thomas Heinze
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 11, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-11-1-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-11-1-2022, 2022
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We developed a smart in-cylinder pressure sensor for closed-loop combustion control. The sensor concept is based on a robust and reliable steel membrane equipped with highly strain-sensitive and temperature-stable thin films. The sensor system is complemented by a smart electronics allowing real-time data processing for calculation of different combustion parameters. The data are utilized to control the igniting timing of a spark plug for efficient operation of a combustion engine.
Qummar Zaman, Senan Alraho, and Andreas König
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 10, 193–206, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-10-193-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-10-193-2021, 2021
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A novel experience replay particle swarm optimization algorithm is presented and successfully deployed to improve the optimization performance for reconfigurable analog integrated circuits of industry 4.0. An optimization approach is introduced that relied on THD-based indirect measurement method that varies from the traditional calibration approach. Instead, the proposed calibration methodology optimizes all characteristics of the reconfigurable amplifier at once.
Alida Ilse Maria Schwebig and Rainer Tutsch
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 9, 363–374, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-363-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-363-2020, 2020
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In order to further increase the performance of neural networks in the field of optical quality assurance of soldered joints, a hierarchical classifier can be used instead of a single network. The global expansion of the classifier enables the inspection task to be distributed over several subnetworks, which results in higher accuracy. Since the individual sub-models only concentrate on the identification of certain characteristics, categorical problems can be solved more effectively.
Alida Ilse Maria Schwebig and Rainer Tutsch
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 9, 167–178, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-167-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-167-2020, 2020
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This article presents a classification concept based on deep learning as an additional optical test method for real-time visualization and analysis of electrical assemblies in the production environment. For this purpose, a neural convolutional network is used to identify the quality of the solder joint of surface-mounted chip components in the inspection images. The concept can be used to increase the detection performance of the solder joint inspection systems.
Christoph Cammin, Dmytro Krush, Ralf Heynicke, and Gerd Scholl
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 8, 185–194, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-8-185-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-8-185-2019, 2019
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Reverberation chambers are well-proven test environments for RF measurements. Typically, mean values are taken from the measurements to characterize the equipment under test. In the novel approach presented in this paper, the correlation of measured sample sequences is utilized to detect deviations, in particular of the radiation characteristics, from reference equipment.
Henrik Lensch, Manuel Bastuck, Tobias Baur, Andreas Schütze, and Tilman Sauerwald
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 8, 161–169, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-8-161-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-8-161-2019, 2019
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The measurement of humidity in industrial applications is still an important research issue. Especially under rough operation conditions the current humidity sensor comes to its limitations. To this end, we are developing an integrated sensor system using a metal oxide sensor with impedance spectroscopy as multi-signal generation allowing the discrimination of humidity and reducing gases. The submitted paper focuses on the modeling of the humidity-dependent aspects of impedance.
Ingrid Ullmann, Julian Adametz, Daniel Oppelt, Andreas Benedikter, and Martin Vossiek
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 7, 309–317, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-309-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-309-2018, 2018
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Millimetre-wave radar is an emerging technique for non-destructive testing: it is less costly than X-rays and has no ionizing radiation. Compared to ultrasound it does not require the device under test to be immersed in water. This article presents methods for high-resolution millimetre-wave radar imaging without a priori knowledge of the object's shape. A polymer device with simulated material defects is examined, which could be depicted precisely.
Slawomir Grys
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 7, 153–160, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-153-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-153-2018, 2018
Robin Höhne, Pawel Kostka, and Niels Modler
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 6, 389–394, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-6-389-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-6-389-2017, 2017
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This paper focuses on a novel carbon fibre sensor technology that exploits the low-cost and low-energy electrical reflectometry method for a spatially resolved strain measurement. The application of artificial neural networks for mapping the measured electrical signal to the existing strain profile is demonstrated. The potential and current limits are highlighted. The sensor is a promising part for the next generation of light-weight structures with operando health monitoring systems.
Alexander Utz, Christian Walk, Norbert Haas, Tatjana Fedtschenko, Alexander Stanitzki, Mir Mokhtari, Michael Görtz, Michael Kraft, and Rainer Kokozinski
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 6, 285–301, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-6-285-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-6-285-2017, 2017
Alberto Garinei and Roberto Marsili
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 6, 253–258, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-6-253-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-6-253-2017, 2017
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When a torque measurement is required, torque transducers show many drawbacks during their use: the usual limits are the need for contact and the effects on shaft line parameters. A new approach is proposed in this work: a non-contact torque meter for a machine shaft has been developed, based on a laser speckle contrast method. It carries out torque measurements evaluating the torsional displacement between two distinct sections of the shaft, through the monitoring of their roughness.
Manuel Schneider, Alexander Jahn, Norbert Greifzu, and Norbert Fränzel
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 6, 199–210, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-6-199-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-6-199-2017, 2017
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This article describes a chopper amplifier which has been specially developed for piezoelectric pressure sensors. It is shown that the amplifier provides good results for pressure measurement in injection moulds. A special feature of this work is the signal optimisation through the use of a Kalman filter.
Peter Haußmann and Joachim Melbert
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 6, 65–76, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-6-65-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-6-65-2017, 2017
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A method to generate broadband waveforms with low peak-to-peak amplitude based on distinct frequency domain profiles is presented, which includes random phase variation and numerical optimization. The peak-to-peak amplitude can be reduced by 71 % compared to zero-phase pulses with equal frequency domain characteristics. Used as excitation signals for impedance spectroscopy, the waveforms yield good results at significantly reduced measurement duration compared to established measurement methods.
Patrick Weßkamp and Joachim Melbert
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 5, 389–400, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-5-389-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-5-389-2016, 2016
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Measurement of electrical current is important for many scientific and industrial applications. Often shunt resistors are used. However, thermal effects due to self-heating and ambient temperature variation limit the achievable accuracy.
In this work, a dynamic compensation method is presented which takes static and dynamic temperature drift effects into account. It significantly reduces the remaining measurement errors. The approach can also be used to improve existing measurement systems.
Roland Wuchrer, Sabrina Amrehn, Luhao Liu, Thorsten Wagner, and Thomas Härtling
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 5, 157–163, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-5-157-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-5-157-2016, 2016
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The continuous monitoring of industrial and environmental processes is becoming an increasingly important aspect with both economic and societal impact. To realize this task, spectral-optical sensors with their outstanding properties in terms of sensitivity and reliability are a potential solution. However, for exploiting these sensors in a cost- and energy-efficient sensing system, a miniaturized readout unit is needed. Here we present a card-size, inexpensive, and robust readout electronics.
Johannes Gürtler, Daniel Haufe, Anita Schulz, Friedrich Bake, Lars Enghardt, Jürgen Czarske, and Andreas Fischer
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 5, 125–136, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-5-125-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-5-125-2016, 2016
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The interaction of sound and flow enables an efficient noise damping. Understanding this aeroacoustic damping phenomenon requires simultaneous measurement of flow and sound fields. Using a high-speed CMOS camera, two-component flow velocity measurements are performed in a three-dimensional region of interest. The sensor system can simultaneously capture sound and turbulent flow velocity oscillations. The presented measurements reveal that the sound energy is transferred into flow energy.
A. Tempelhahn, H. Budzier, V. Krause, and G. Gerlach
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 5, 9–16, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-5-9-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-5-9-2016, 2016
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Infrared cameras based on microbolometer focal plane arrays (FPAs) are the most widely used cameras in thermography. For acceptable measurement uncertainty values, the disturbing influences of changing ambient temperature have to be considered. We propose a TEC-less and shutter-less correction approach based on additional temperature measurements inside the IR camera. The effects on the pixel responsivity and offset voltage are considered separately.
M. Schüler, T. Sauerwald, and A. Schütze
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 4, 305–311, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-4-305-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-4-305-2015, 2015
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We study the effect of HMDSO vapor on an SnO2-based gas sensor in temperature cycled operation (TCO). The poisoning can be quantified at early stages with a resolution of ±85 ppm*min using TCO. This approach provides a simple method for early detection of HMDSO poisoning.
The stability of gas discrimination by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) can be improved using normalization, which in turn facilitates a more accurate determination of the poisoning state by hierarchical LDA discrimination.
A. Schuler, T. Hausotte, and Z. Sun
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 4, 199–208, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-4-199-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-4-199-2015, 2015
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Measurement tasks of modern micro- and nanometrology with decreasing structure sizes and rising aspect ratios require nanometre-resolving 3-D capable sensors. A 3-D probing system based on electrical interaction is presented which is operated on a nanopositioning system NMM-1. New 3-D measurement procedures for the probing system as well as for micrometrology measurement tasks in general are shown.
A. Dragoneas, L. Hague, and M. Grell
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 4, 169–177, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-4-169-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-4-169-2015, 2015
A. Ens and L. M. Reindl
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 4, 9–16, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-4-9-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-4-9-2015, 2015
M. Schüler, T. Sauerwald, and A. Schütze
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 3, 213–221, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-3-213-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-3-213-2014, 2014
Y. Wang, D. Ewert, T. Meisen, D. Schilberg, and S. Jeschke
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 3, 113–120, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-3-113-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-3-113-2014, 2014
D. Griefahn, J. Wollnack, and W. Hintze
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 3, 105–111, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-3-105-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-3-105-2014, 2014
J.-M. Boccard, P. Katus, R. Renevier, L. M. Reindl, and J.-M. Friedt
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 2, 147–156, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-2-147-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-2-147-2013, 2013
H. Lühr, F. Yin, and R. Bock
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 2, 9–17, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-2-9-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-2-9-2013, 2013
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Short summary
To improve the energy efficiency of industrial processes, such as continuous steel casting, lab-scale experiments with liquid metals are performed. We present an ultrasound Doppler signal process for multiplane, high-frame-rate flow imaging. We achieve real-time operations with an efficient implementation in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). We analyze the contributions to the uncertainty of the velocity measurement and relate it to its fundamental limit.
To improve the energy efficiency of industrial processes, such as continuous steel casting,...
